Despite the many differences, but the relations between China and Japan it has seen significant development in recent years.
That a careful reading of the history of relations between the two
countries during the last thirty years show that it marked a positive
development tense. Which has suffered violent tremors in more than once, and then have intensified since the beginning of 2001,
Significant changes in the Japanese and Chinese leaderships have
emerged, including the arrival of the minister's reformist Koiizumi to
the presidency of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party, and then to the
prime minister in Japan.
His reign activate Japan's national power was marked by a
multi-dimensional reform program angered the Chinese leadership on more
than one occasion.
Japan has begun to rearm openly taking advantage of the war in
Afghanistan to review some of the Japanese naval fleet cut that
emphasizes possession of military technology is very advanced.
The publication of the book << school history >> who
re-consideration of the leaders of the Japanese committed big crimes
against the peoples of China and Korea during the Japanese occupation of
the two, and Snafthm US Supreme Command, which Japan ruled the
post-World War II war criminals box, and sentenced many of them to death
Flaqy book objection severe than among the Japanese public opinion
first, and from China and Korea, which provided a formal protest and
threatened to cut ties with Japan.
Koiizumi not only to publish the book and ignore the criticism and even
made an official visit to the temple where he kept Yatsokony Buddhist
monks ashes those leaders united the American occupation administration
directly.
Since doing the ritual of honor at the end of World War II, did not
dare any Japanese diplomat to visit the temple on the anniversary to
honor these leaders only a few prime ministers, ministers, MPs and
powerful, with ultra-nationalist trend.
At the same time, significant changes in the Chinese leadership emerged
after the completion of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of
China in early March 2002. It includes young leaders believe more
openness in trade and cultural and technological field, but that is very
committed to the political, military and administrative area, and give
the Chinese Communist Party really almost exclusively in the leadership
of the state and society down to achieve what it calls the socialist
market economy << >> another as a form of economic
organization in the era of globalization. We conclude by saying that both Japan and China, in addition to other Asian tigers.
At the same time, Japan and China announced their intention to carry
out practical steps to achieve a close affinity between them on the one
hand, and with the Asian countries on the other hand, along the lines of
convergence that has been on the ground between the European countries
and US states.
There is no doubt that history continues to be a stumbling block in the
way of establishing deep ties between the majority of Asian countries.
Inherited traditions in those countries is the cornerstone of the
political leadership's behavior, the official and private institutions,
feedback daily to the general public. It is not easy for any political leadership that ignores those traditions unless they want their future political adventure.
USA and constantly trying to inflame the dispute between China and
Japan, Korea, Russia and other countries, particularly in the field of
hype to re-arming Japan, the problem of the textbook, and the islands of
the Kuril disputed between Japan and Russia, among others.
But the leaders of China and Japan, and with the new millennium are
looking for points of convergence rather than divergence, and each has a
certain perception for strong regional and international role for them. Japan is the second economic power in the world, but it is in a position << economic and military giant troll >>. China is also still occupies rank in the global economy does not fit in with the geographical and human size.
Despite significant technological development in, and the proportion of
high growth which is the first in the world during the last ten years,
they continued to suffer severe internal problems.
But it has enormous military capabilities may enable it to become a
pole in a potential conflict of globalization on the global level, due
to human energies that nearly one billion and three hundred million
people.
The Japanese capital is an urgent need for the Chinese market,
especially because Japan in crisis, a major economic recession for a
long time, in contrast with China is in a state of increasing growth,
but they need to Japanese capital and technology is very advanced
because many of the western, northern and southern regions are still
experiencing problems large severe such as poverty, illiteracy, high
rate of job seekers.
Both sides have realized the urgent need for close cooperation between
them, and overcome the disadvantages of the bloody historical stages,
and looking forward to a promising future.
The issue of Sino-Japanese cooperation looks very complicated, not only
governed by the good intentions of the two governments, not very
careful about the fruitful cooperation.
In addition to the intensity of the negative legacy of the Japanese
occupation of China in the first half of the twentieth century, which
left more than thirty million Chinese people, the popular memory the
Chinese citizen much of the tragic images hideous practiced by the
Japanese occupation forces in China's reserves.
As far as the enthusiasm of millions of Chinese for the acquisition of
Japanese goods at the beginning of the reform and opening-up phase after
1978, recent years have seen a sharp decline of sales of Japanese goods
in the Chinese market, especially after the Japanese government's
insistence on maintaining the traditions of Japan inherited which he
considers a violation of the Chinese people's national dignity.
As the volume of Japanese investments in China remains high, but which
it is shrinking due to the financial crisis and economic stagnation in
Japan on the one hand, and the intensity of the Chinese capital set out
from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan to the motherland on the other. Far from the optimistic rhetoric must be alert to the many factors that hinder Sino-Japanese rapprochement.
Japanese politics are still captive accessory link US policy in South
and East Asia, where the United States used the Taiwan question to put
pressure on Beijing's leaders. It has increased the volume of weaponry to Taiwan, and encouraged its leaders to declare full independence from China.
And pressed in the Doha conference to accept Taiwan's full membership,
along with China in the World Trade Organization, and is now working to
encircle China fencing of the military bases after entering the Central
Asia region under the pretext of eradicating terrorism in the occupation
of Afghanistan, and exploit the issue of Tibet, issues of personal and
public freedoms, human rights, and democracy, free media and others to
influence the Chinese public opinion.
However, Japanese politics today seems less biased alongside the United
States in a number of issues, especially the issue of Taiwan
independence, which it considers the Chinese leadership a red line does
not compromise it.
On the other hand, there is serious concern among the leadership of
both China and Japan of US militarism that do not accept less than the
uniqueness led world order, so exposed to all nations, rich and poor
ones, humiliation and dependency.
And contribute to Sino-Japanese rapprochement inevitably to the failure
of American aggressiveness that are still betting on the exploitation
inherent hostility between China and Japan to promote US hegemony over
the entire Asia
/// Sino-Japanese relations: History
China and Japan's long and rich history of its geographical proximity
and characteristics similar with each other, but the problems began at
the end of the nineteenth century, during the reign of the Qing Dynasty
in China, and the family of the Meiji in Japan, these problems were
translated into two wars, the first Chinese / Japanese War 1894-1895 and
the war Pacific II 1937-1945 and increased Chinese hatred of Japan
after the second war because of the brutality of the Japanese occupying
forces.
Characterized post-World War II coolly China-Japan relations and
limited to some commercial exchanges Statistics between them, because of
the preoccupation of the two countries in eliminating the consequences
of the Second World War and reconstruction of an internal
reorganization, and continued the case between China and Japan at this
level until the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two
countries in 1972. the countries announced the establishment of
diplomatic relations between them in the second of October of that year
after a visit by Japanese Prime Minister Rafik Takoa Tanaka to China,
followed by the signing of the peace treaty Japan and China friendship
in 1978 and later the joint Sino-Japanese Declaration of 1998, and as a
result to visit the former Chinese Prime Minister Jian Zemin, the first
visit by a Chinese official to Japan after World war II and indicators
of cooperation between the two countries called the eighties golden age
in reference to the development of Chinese / Japanese bilateral
relations at the time, and the issuance of the joint statement which
called political fourth in 2008. document contributed these treaties and
joint declarations to strengthen relations between the two sides.
The visit of Japanese Emperor Akihito to China in 1992 and apologized
to the Chinese people because of Japanese war crimes and recognition of
the Japanese government and leaders of the Japanese in several
explicitly occasions, the Japanese invasion and expressing remorse and
apology to the countries that fell victim to the invasion, including the
China offered a timely opportunity to warm the atmosphere, leading to
continued improvement in relations between the two countries through the
activation of the commitment of the three political documents (the
joint statement between China and Japan (f) the Treaty of peace and
friendship between China and Japan (f) joint Declaration between China
and Japan) and look to the future to ensure the continued success and
the evolution of the outlook for both countries.
Japan in 2008 and rushed to the aid of China after the earthquake
Sajoin City sends medical of the affected area rescue teams, and
spending 500 million Japanese yen to help the stricken city.
However, the year 2010 saw a sharp diplomatic row between Japan and
China after the Japanese patrol intercepted a Chinese fishing boat off
the Diaoyu / Senkaku disputed islands, where the Chinese Foreign
Ministry lodged a strong protest to Japan because of the tone detention
of the Chinese fishing vessel.
Japan released later on the Chinese crew of the boat, it has retained
the leader of the canoe, China responded by arresting the Japanese under
the pretext of entering a Chinese military zone without authorization
and accused of filming military targets video illegally.
Following this incident, and in accelerating the development of Japan
announced the release of the Chinese captain detained and then China has
made the release of Japanese custody.
/// Sino-Japanese relations: present:
Chinese / Japanese relations have seen volatility over the past three
decades and contributed to a number of outstanding issues in the
strained relationship between them in more than one occasion and the
most prominent of these problems:
First, the Japanese occupation of China:
This problem has emerged in the eighties of the last century, a return
to the foundation to what you see China is contrary to the spirit)
Sino-Japanese Joint Statement (1972, which was restored on the basis of
diplomatic relations between the two countries, the Japanese government
has expressed the sincerity of its intentions to resolve history issues
properly, a private business that It carried out by the Japanese
government and officials from the denial of the history of aggression
against China and try to beautifying from time to time.
Second: the Diaoyu Islands / Senkaku
Are eight islands represent an archipelago stretches in an arc in the
East China Sea, about 200 kilometers northeast of Taiwan and 300 km west
of Oukinaoh in Japan with an area of about 7 square kilometers. China calls the Diaoyu name, which means fishing, and Japan calls the Senkaku, meaning sharp or pointed the ground. And designated by China National Taiwan Tayutay and the Americans, British and Pinnacle mean summits. These eight islands annexed in 1879 to the Kingdom of Ryukyu in Oukinaoh Island. This label (Ryukyu) are included in most atlases.
These islands uninhabited, but remain a strategic importance, which is
the supervisor of its strategic location on the Pacific Ocean, which is a
window overlooking the south of Japan, it oversees the island of
Taiwan. It is also an important trade corridor serves the East Asian countries.
In addition, needless to this island in oil and natural gas after the
Economic Commission of the United Nations for the Asia Declaration and
the Far East (Oakavi for oil and gas discovery in the marine environment
for the five islands. Besides highlighting the sensitivity of the
position of the State of China, especially since the previously state of
Japan's invasion of Manchuria (northeast China) in 1931 and the problem
began after the purchase of Tokyo three islands of the family owned in
the archipelago Beijing declares sovereignty over them, and that was in
April of 2012. it was housing nationalists Japanese, sparking fears of
China. Japan says it has studied the islands over 10 years and settled
her as always uninhabited. on this basis has in the January 14, 1895 put
signs on its sovereignty over these islands and the annexation of the
territory of Japan, became one of the Senkaku Islands to Nancy Soto
Islands, and became its current name within the areas Oukinaoh. in 1951,
after Japan's defeat in World war second waived Japan for a series of
land and islands, including the island of Taiwan, according to the San
Francisco agreement. However, the agreement also included the
development of Nancy Soto Islands under American tutelage and then
returned to Japanese sovereignty again upon re Oukinaoh in 1971. Japan
confirmed that China has not He had no objection to the San Francisco
Convention when signed, but the discovery of oil resources in the
islands in 1970, pushing both China and Taiwan claim ownership of the
islands, according to the Japanese novel.
And China differ regarding ownership claims to the islands, she says
that the Diaoyu Islands have been since ancient times a part of its
territory and an important fishing locations under the Taiwan Provincial
Administration. In 1895 Himonski agreement signed after the end of the war between China and Japan and then cede Taiwan to the last.
The Cairo statement issued by China and the United States and Britain
in November 1943 the judge that Japan re-occupied territories, including
the north-eastern China, Taiwan and the Penghu Islands to China, and in
August 1945, Japan announced its acceptance of the statement of Potsdam
and surrender unconditionally which means re-Japan Island Taiwan and
its affiliated islands have to China, and the San Francisco Agreement in
1951 that ended the military power of the Empire of Japan. in the
beginning of 2004, China began building a complex for the extraction of
natural gas along its shores. Japan responded by starting a campaign prospecting and exploration of gas within the territorial waters in the same year.
On August 16 of 2012, the escalation of regional tensions in Asia on
the anniversary of Japan's surrender in 1945, as activists took
advantage of Chinese and South Koreans occasion to reaffirm their
countries claim sovereignty over the disputed islands.
An official of the province in northern China on September 28, 2012
announced that a citizen north of the country was discovered by a
Japanese map published in the thirties of the last century refute
Japan's claim to ownership of the disputed islands between the two
countries.
He explained Yang Jiechi (Chinese Foreign Minister) that the map was
issued in 1935 and rolled out of the city Vukuta Japanese in the March
21, 1939 when he bought a friend of his family show that Oukinaoh Island
belongs to Japan while does not include reference to the Diaoyu
Islands, as they are called in China.
Yang said he had decided to draw attention to the map after the
purchase of the Diaoyu Islands, Japan, from a family-owned, saying the
work is not responsible because the map shows that Japan has claimed the
islands since the affiliation of 77 years.
And responding to the Japanese Prime Minister Yoshihikonoda on the
sidelines of United Nations General Assembly session in New York that
his country would not make concessions regarding the disputed islands as
an integral part of our land on the basis of history and international
law. Noda noted that Taiwan also claim the islands.
On Sunday, in September 2012 it renewed conflict between Japan and
China from less magnitude and seriousness of those that fought the
Japanese and Chinese ships type; conflict and war maps, history and
vocabulary, I started to Japan to show a letter from the Consul of the
Republic of China, dating back to May 20, 1920 the Chinese diplomat
thanked the residents of a Japanese town to rescue Chinese fishermen
caught by the storm and Tqazvthm water to the coast of the island (Wau)
in the Senkaku archipelago.
The support of political effects of Japanese scientists an article from
the newspaper of the Communist Party of the people in its issue dated
January 8, 1953, and the Senkaku Islands are included within the larger
group of islands belonging to Japan and called Ryukyu. To strengthen its distributed Japanese foreign circles Chinese maps show, according to Tokyo, Japan's right in this segment.
One of these maps dating back to 1933, and published in the Atlas of
the Chinese subsidiary of Japan's Senkaku Islands are included, and the
other was issued in a global atlas published in China and show the same
thing.
Beijing pulled incorporated Chinese maps (map major geographic
universe) issued in 1767 published in 1863, the Great Qing Dynasty and
Atlas, as well as resorted to foreign maps also include those prepared
by the French (Pierre Abe) in 1809 British and other dating back to 1811
year, an American and a third of the year in 1859 and a fourth British
naval dating back to 1877. all of these maps prove that the Diaoyu an
integral part of China, according to Chinese Foreign part.
It is worth mentioning that oil reserves in the East China Sea between
60-100 million barrels of oil, while there is a significant natural gas
reserves of between 1.2 trillion cubic feet, according to information
about the US Department of Energy estimates, while Chinese sources say
that oil reserves between 70-160 million barrels, also contain this
important sea such as coral, precious stones and zircon, gold, titanium
and platinum metal riches
Japanese / American security cooperation
The Treaty of San Francisco signed between the United States and Japan
in September 1951, the foundation of the US security cooperation, the
Japanese, since the treaty acknowledged the existence of US military
forces are working to maintain peace and security in the Far East, as
well as safeguarding the security of Japan against armed attack with
regard to sovereignty that link to the Senkaku island or Diaoyu ended
San Francisco Treaty as soon entered the mutual cooperation and security
between Japan and the United States signed on January 19, 1960. the
Treaty of the most important policies included in this treaty is Article
v, which stipulates: "each party recognizes that an armed attack
against any party under the administration of Japan's land would be
dangerous to the peace, and declares that he will face the common threat
", so the treaty did not refer explicitly to the sovereignty of the
Diaoyu Islands or Senkaku fraught, but the US administrations since
1972, promised that the Diaoyu / Senkaku Islands, part of the Japanese
management zones based on the treaty itself.
Security cooperation between the two sides continued, with Japan and
the United States issued in 1996, the joint statement on security
cooperation and Adlta which the principle of defense cooperation and
Datah in 1978, and in September 1997, identified Japan and the United
