Competitive concept and indicators

Resulting in the new global economic system, of the liberalization of world trade restrictions to the occurrence of economic activities for the time being under the obsession to compete globally; traditional barriers to the flow of goods and services from customs taxes and quotas amount are fading, with an increased focus on technical barriers related to quality and environmental standards, which It led to the emergence of new competitors on the high degree of skill and strength. This represents a great challenge and a potential danger to the world, especially developing countries. However, this system at the same time is an opportunity for developing countries, as well as, if possible , take advantage of it. Competitiveness The importance lies in maximizing the use as much as possible of the advantages offered by the global economy and reduce the Myate.hat considered as a means President to develop the ability of developed economies and developing co - existence under the line with globalization and the opening up of economies and liberalization of markets and logo survival of the better international environment.
The competitiveness is the indicator of economic strength and the entrance to the continuity of the strength of any country of the strength of its economy any superiority over other economies and its ability to compete both internally and externally , which makes it imperative for governments attention competitive the subject and take advantage of the concept in order to achieve growth and development, particularly of developing countries, including Yemen (especially as it looks to join the World trade Organization and the Gulf cooperation Council) and also small states as considered these countries as the World competitiveness report indicated more able to take advantage of the concept of competitiveness in terms of competitive companies give small countries a chance to get out of the limitations of the small market to the spaciousness of the global market.
The concept of competitiveness indicators measured
Competitive concept
Is the concept of competitiveness of the concepts that are still not fully understood as there is no one definition through association with all economic indicators Vd economists rely to measure the competitiveness of the GDP and some exchange rates adopted or cost per unit produced, the unit cost of labor , or the volume of exports to the total production or labor productivity.
The concept of competitiveness varies depending talk shop whether the facility (company) or a sector or country where some knew competitiveness on the corporate level , as follows: -
1-is the entity 's ability to provide consumers with products and services more efficiently and effectively than other competitors in the international market, which means success continues to this company on a global scale in the absence of support and protection by the government, and this is done by raising the productivity of the employee in the process of production factors productivity (labor, capital and technology).
2. is the skill, technical or outstanding resource that allows the organization production values ​​and benefits to customers more than what is provided by their competitors, and confirms it apart and different from those of competitors from the customer who accept this difference and excellence of view, which will bring them more benefits and values ​​that are superior to the offer their other competitors.
With regard to competitiveness in terms of sector , it means the ability of a particular industrial sector companies in the state to achieve continuous success in international markets, without relying on government support and protection.
As for the definition of competitiveness at the state level or the country as a whole it is found several definitions , including: -
1-it is the country 's ability to achieve high and constant standard of living of its members or income rate.
2. Competitiveness is the ability possessed by the national economy in order to put its products and services can upscale standard by which to grow and raise the standard of living of the citizens.
3. As defined by the World Competitiveness Report, is the country 's ability to achieve high and sustained growth of per capita GDP rate.
4. According to the Arab World Competitiveness Report 2003, competitiveness means (current relative performance and relative performance potential of the Arab economies in the context of sectors and activities that are exposed to competition from foreign economies). Latent competition and capacity means the deep impact that ensure the sustainability of this competitive, and then sustain growth and to achieve economic and social development goals, especially if combined with policies geared towards the achievement of these goals.
5. As defined by the American Council on competition policy as states ' ability to produce goods and services to compete in global markets and at the same time achieve standards of living for its members in the long term
Competitiveness indicators
The competitive essence of one is to make a profit , but its forms and indicators are through the level of analysis , whether legitimate or sectors , or at the macro level where it can measure the competitive company through several indicators the most important, profitability and growth rates over a period of time, in addition to the company 's strategy and direction to meet demand in the external market through the export or supply of external operations, and therefore the company 's ability to achieve a greater share of regional and global market. And measured certain competitive industry through the total profitability of the sector, and its balance of trade, and the outcome of foreign direct investment home and abroad, in addition to the related cost and quality of products on industry - wide standards.
As for the competitiveness of the indicators on the state level as a whole , there are key indicators and sub ​​terms rely Arab World Competitiveness Report 2005 issued by the World Economic Forum , the leading indicator is to assess the competitive growth index, which measures the cycle state 's ability to achieve sustainable growth in the medium and long term, so that depends in its analysis on three sub - indices macroeconomic They 1. Business environment index at the macroeconomic level this indicator reflects the evolution of the business environment at the macroeconomic level through the following sub - factors: a stability at the macroeconomic level the index has a subset of factors , including interest margin and the private factor price expectations of a recession next year and the extent of improvement in the ability of the private Sandgrouse in obtaining loans and the rate of the budget deficit as a percentage of GDP and the rate of the deficit / surplus cash as a percentage of GDP and the rate of national savings as a percentage of GDP and the rate of inflation, ( b ) and the index of the state 's credit rating is measured rate of public debt to gross domestic product ( GDP ) , ( c ) and the index of wasteful government spending and has a sub - factors over the public trust in politicians responsible for state funds and the availability of government spending for goods of others and services available in the market as well as the prevalence of public funds to companies and individuals the service of special interests 2 converter - public institutions index and reflects the evolution of public institutions through the following sub - factors: (a ) the contracts and law index and has a subset of factors , including the protection of property rights , including the financial property and the level of independence of the judiciary and the impact of organized crime on the cost of the business and not favoritism and interference by government officials in the decision level taken in contracts and tenders, ( b ) corruption Perceptions index and sub ​​- factorization over the spread of bribery both in terms of pay for licenses for import and export or for public services and the impact on the annual tax rate 3. Technology index reflects the evolution of technology to countries through the following sub - factors: A. innovation index has a subset of factors , including the extent of cooperation of companies with universities in the areas of research and development and the rate of patents registered per million of the population and the availability of scientists and engineers and the rate of enrollment in the graduate and the viability of companies to absorb new technology and the quality of scientific research institutions, ( b ) index ICT has a subset of factors , including the existence of effective competition among communication service providers via the internet so as to ensure provision of high quality services and the success of government programs to promote the use of information and communication technology and the availability of laws and regulations concerning the use of information and communication technology and the number of internet users per 10,000 inhabitants and the number of computers per 100 inhabitants, ( c ) the transfer of technology index has a subset of factors , including the prevalence of technology licensing for modern technology and the extent of foreign investment 's ability to transfer of modern technology .